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The system motherboard, often called the mainboard, is the central nervous system of any computer. It is the primary printed circuit board (PCB) that houses the CPU socket, RAM slots, and critical chipset. Every component, from storage drives to graphics cards, connects here, enabling communication across the system.

Its design dictates a machine's capabilities and future potential. The form factor, like ATX or Mini-ITX, determines the physical size and layout. The chipset and socket type define which processors and memory standards are compatible, locking users into a specific generation of hardware.